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Runtime.Graphics (Visera.Runtime.Graphics)

Runtime.Graphics builds high-level graphics on top of RHI: framework init and lifecycle, material system, pipeline cache, render graph and scene (camera, light, renderable). Uses an immediate-mode draw API: the game submits per-frame via SetCamera, SubmitLight and Draw; the engine calls Render(FWindow*) after OnPreRender to send accumulated data to the Graphics thread. Converts draw commands and materials to RHI commands and resource bindings; manages multi-pass and resource dependencies via render graph.

Responsibilities

  • Framework: Graphics subsystem init; FRenderTask / FRenderContext; draw list from FRenderData::DrawCommands (BatchAndSort → FRenderList by material/mesh); instance buffer upload (UploadInstanceBuffers → per-batch SSBO + descriptor set); pass registration with read/write lock for concurrency.
  • Material: Material type, render state (cull mode, depth test/write/compare), descriptor set 0 (textures/samplers); JSON .vmaterial driven.
  • PipelineCache: Get-or-create PSO by material shaders, formats and render state; hash-based O(1) lookup (GoldenRatio); key includes depth/stencil and cull configuration.
  • RenderGraph: Declarative passes; Execute(FRenderContext) (creates command list, runs passes with RenderList, submits); pass names as FName; CullDeadPasses O(N+E) reverse BFS.
  • Scene: Camera (FCamera), lights (FLight), renderables (IRenderable / FRenderableMeta → FInstanceData + Material + optional FMesh). All submitted per-frame via FGraphics; no persistent scene container (FScene removed).

GPU instancing pipeline

  1. Game calls GFX->Draw(renderable) or GFX->Draw(FRenderableMeta); data is captured at submit time.
  2. After OnPreRender, engine calls GFX->Render(Window) to build FRenderTask from accumulated draws, camera and lights.
  3. Graphics thread runs BatchAndSort on FRenderData::DrawCommands → FRenderList (batches by Material + Mesh).
  4. UploadInstanceBuffers creates per-batch SSBO and descriptor set.
  5. Draw passes bind set 0 (material) + set 1 (instances) and issue Draw(6, N) or DrawIndexed(IndexCount, N).

Submodules

Module Description
Framework Graphics framework init, FRenderBatch, FRenderList, instance upload.
Material Material type, render state and descriptor set 0.
PipelineCache Pipeline cache with extended key.
RenderGraph Render graph.
Scene Camera, Light, Renderable.

See also

  • Runtime — Parent module
  • RHI — Low-level render interface
  • AssetHub — Texture and shader asset loading
  • Transform — FTransform3x4F